The Polymer Society of Korea

Abstract

Perovskites are frontrunners for solid-state thin-film lasers, thanks to their structural tunability and amenability to micropatterning. While optically pumped amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) is well-established, the field is now pursuing fully electrically driven laser diodes. We report a robust diode architecture capable of sustaining ASE under the extreme current densities required for lasing. By decoupling optical and electrical requirements, we identify two design paradigms: promotion of large-angle waveguide modes and systematic suppression of parasitic absorption. These principles represent a departure from electrode-free configurations and are critical for achieving net gain. Our findings highlight that enhancing external quantum efficiency at high injection and minimizing ASE thresholds are the remaining bottlenecks. This study provides a roadmap for the evolution of perovskites into a scalable platform for next-generation optoelectronics.