The Polymer Society of Korea

Abstract

Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) are artificial muscles, but pre-stretching and fixed sandwiched architecture limit geometry and reuse. We develop a phase-transitional ferrofluid (PTF) electrode that is magnetically rewritable and recyclable. Liganded magnetic nanoparticles are dispersed homogeneously in a gelatin matrix that reversibly switches between gel and sol while retaining colloidal stability. In the gel state, the network provides compliant elasticity for large, repeatable areal strain. In the sol state, a magnetic field drives collective and fluidic nanoparticle motion, allowing electrode position, number, and shape to be redrawn within a single device. Re-gelation locks the pattern for reconfiguration, repair, and recycling. Compatible with standard DEAs, this platform turns static conductors into reprogrammable elements. It contributes to the transition from rigid, static architectures toward platforms capable of flexible and adaptive locomotion and performance.