An Ag2CO3/Ag3PO4 heterostructure immobilized polyurethane (PU) nanofibers (NF) was created by treating the electrospun AgNO3/ PU-NF in aqueous NaHCO3/Na2HPO4. The treatment generates Ag+ and PO43- and CO32- ions that form Ag3PO4 and Ag2CO3 NPs on PU NFs. The antibacterial performance of the Ag2CO3/Ag3PO4/PU NFs was higher for Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus compared to that of of individual composite. The heterojunction generates electron-hole pairs resulting in the reactive oxygen species, inducing oxidative damage to bacteria. The photocatalytic degradation of aqueous methylene blue dye observed to be >90% under visible-light irradiation in 70 min. Bandgap energies of 2.4 eV Ag3PO4and 2.62 eV for Ag2CO3 forms type-II band alignment, in which photogenerated holes migrate from the valence band of Ag3PO4 to that of Ag2CO3, facilitating effective electron–hole separation and enhanced photocatalytic performance.