Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful platform for ultrasensitive and molecularly specific detection of chemical and biological species. These capabilities have driven broad applications ranging from heavy metal analysis to disease biomarker detection. Recent advances in SERS-based biosensors, supported by the nondestructive nature of the technique and improved substrate design, are rapidly expanding their impact in disease diagnostics. In this talk, recent progress in SERS-based bioassays for biomolecular analysis and their potential for next-generation ultrasensitive sensing and diagnostic platforms will be introduced.