The Polymer Society of Korea

Abstract

The growing demand for tattoos has raised concerns over the safety of conventional inks, which often contain toxic dyes and heavy metals. To address these risks, we developed a biocompatible tattoo ink using natural dyes encapsulated in water-soluble amphiphilic polymers. This formulation improves the dispersion of hydrophobic natural dyes in a safe, aqueous medium while eliminating harmful components. Systematic optimization led to a stable dye-polymer nanoparticle system. In vitro tests on human skin cells confirmed excellent biocompatibility with no cytotoxicity. The ink showed strong color retention and consistency, and professional tattoo artists reported superior handling and safety compared to traditional inks. This work demonstrates a safer alternative for tattoo applications through natural dye integration and advanced encapsulation.