The Polymer Society of Korea

Abstract

Hydrogels with aligned polymer chains are promising for soft electronics, sensors, and tissue-mimicking materials due to their anisotropic mechanical and electrical properties. However, achieving stable and controllable alignment remains challenging, as current methods often involve complex processing or limited material choices. To address this, we propose a simple strategy based on sequential double network formation. The first network is pre-stretched, and a second network is formed within it to lock in the aligned polymer conformation. By tuning the composition and structure of each network, anisotropy and directional conductivity can be precisely controlled. Polarized optical and scanning electron microscopy confirmed successful alignment, showing distinct birefringence and oriented microstructures. This method offers a robust and scalable platform for fabricating anisotropically conductive hydrogels suitable for next-generation wearable electronics and soft sensors.