Exploring the Frontiers of Polymer Science and Technology: From Fundamentals to Applications (English)
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Exploring the Frontiers of Polymer Science and Technology from Fundamentals to Applications
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Nanofluid is thought to be promising in advanced energy storage technology since dispersion of low amounts of solid nanomaterials improves heat performance of base fluids. The first part of the talk is about producing nanofluids from electroactive polymers, such as surfactant-doped polyaniline (PANI) nanoparticles and deep eutectic solvent (DES). Camphor-sulfonic acid (CSA), dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) and 2-naphthalene sulfonic acid (NSA)) doped polyaniline (PANI) nanoparticles were synthesized using ammonium persulfate as oxidizing agent in direct micellar polymerization and reverse micellar polymerization while EB-PANI was synthesized from DBSA-doped PANI nanoparticles in ammonia solution. The doping levels found were 49.0%, 36.9% and 37.6% for CSA-doped PANI, DBSA-doped PANI and NSA-doped PANI, respectively. DES was prepared by heating choline chloride with urea (DES 1) and with glycerol (DES 2). Nanofluids with 13.10%, 13.50%, 14.29% and 7.15% increase in thermal conductivity were achieved when 0.2 wt% of CSA-doped PANI, DBSA-doped PANI, NSA-doped PANI and EB-PANI nanoparticles, respectively at 50°C. Specific heat capacity of DES was increased by 49 J/g•°C, 0.44 J/g•°C and 0.30 J/g•°C with incorporation of 0.2 wt% of EB-PANI, NSA-doped PANI and CSA-doped PANI nanoparticles, respectively. The second part is about the molecular imprinted poly(vinylbenzyl chloride), MIP(VBC), where toluene acted dual role in the synthesis, both as a template and the solvent. The trend was increasing with an enormous load of crosslinkers. MIP(VBC) with 20 mol% and 40 mol% EGDMA produced the slit-shaped pores, consisting of bimodal and trimodal PSD respectively. Whereas MIP(VBC) with 60 mol% and 80 mol% EGDMA constructed the cylindrical-shaped pores, presented trimodal PSD. The average pore diameter decreased with the increment of EGDMA’s mole percentage. Further, 10 mol% to 80 mol% EGDMA also indicated different morphology, supporting that each MIP(VBC) has different PSD and pore diameters. The last part is about drug delivery systems which are used to ensure that drugs get into the body and reach the area where they are needed. Topical drug delivery provides the administration of the drug directly into the therapeutic area through the skin, and only specific material can be used as a carrier for this system. The poor solubility of hydrophobic drugs leading to difficulties to transfer into the body by topical delivery. The objective of this study was to develop biodegradable polymer organogel using polyesters synthesized from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB)-derived monomers and oleic acid for hydrophobic drug topical delivery. 4-hydroxybenzoic acid was produced from lignin extracted from OPEFB by enzymatic hydrolysis. Oleic acid was used as a lipid phase in the system and also as a penetration enhancer whereas curcumin was used as a model hydrophobic drug. The curcumin loading in the system achieved was 99.70 ± 0.88% for polymer organogel p-Ha-PBSO. Furthermore, the value of drug released by the p-Ha-PESO polymer organogel was 194.08 ± 0.01% μg/cm2 and the value of the drug retained in the epidermis layer was 588.88 ± 207.16 μg/cm2.