Supersaturated Inks for a Slot-Die Process to Enable Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted enormous attention during the last decade due to their excellent optoelectronic properties, with remarkable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) reaching up to 26.08%. Currently, efforts are being made to conduct research for scale-up and commercialization using environmentally friendly solvent systems and processes. In this study, we report that the supersaturated inks for a slot-die process to enable highly efficient and stable PSCs. The supersaturated perovskite ink (SPI) made of a low-toxic dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and a small amount of non-polar additives (NPA). The addition of NPA reduces the surface tension of the DMSO-based perovskite ink to be suitable for the slot-die process, allowing uniform wet film formation. Slot-die coated PSCs with SPI achieved up to 19.6% of PCE (0.1 cm2) and retained over 80% of PCE for over 1000 hours in a nitrogen glove box.