Outer sidechain control of selenophene and thiophene-based Y-series acceptors for efficient indoor organic solar cells
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The diverse design strategies developed for non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) materials have dramatically increased the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of indoor OPVs to 31%, and progress tends to continue. In this context, the current study investigated the indoor performance of NFA-OPVs by modifying the chalcogen-containing heterocycle of the acceptor molecule to thiophene (ThTh) and selenophene (ThSe), and changing the length of the external side chain using n-hexyl (C6) and n-nonyl (C9) components. Compared with the ThSe systems, the ThTh-containing OPVs exhibited enhanced current densities (JSC) and open-circuit voltages (VOC) owing to their enhanced crystallinity and reduced degree of bimolecular recombination. Similarly, the introduction of a short side chain led to relatively reduced monomolecular recombination and a moderated planarity compared to the system modified with the long side chain. Ultimately, this resulted in an enhanced JSC and improved charge transport properties.