Colloidal modelling of single-particle dynamic processes in phase transitions
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Colloidal particles in suspension have many technological uses, since they are a key means of transporting a solid in a fluid. The technology for their fabrication has been highly developed, so that they can be produced in large quantities with great uniformity in size and properties.The range and nature of their interaction can be precisely controlled, and their density and index of refraction can be closely matched to those of the medium solvent to prevent sedimentation and the scattering effects that obscures direct probing. Each particle mimics the behavior of a single atom or molecule and their condensed phases form many of the same phases as molecular systems such as crystals, liquid, and glasses. Thus, the large assemblies of the colloidal particles can be used as precise model systems. Since each particle can be tracked in space and time by a use of confocal microscopy, colloidal modeling allows a direct probing of dynamic processes involved in fundamental phenomena of condensed matter.