Indolocarbazole (ICZ) derivatives as a p-Type Cathode Material Showing High Voltage with Double Redox for Lithium-Organic Batteries
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Organic electrode materials (OEMs) have garnered attention as a promising alternative for secondary batteries due to their natural abundance and versatility. In particular, p-type OEMs, whose operation relies on the oxidation mechanism, offer high voltages with fast rate-capability. But, realization of their full potential has been hindered by the narrow electrochemical window of common electrolytes. Here, we introduce indolocarbazole (ICZ) as a novel building block for p-type OEMs. First, we examined a diethyl-substituted ICZ (DEICZ) as a model compound to gauge its viability. DEICZ showed double redox at high voltages within the stable electrolyte window, thereby delivering a high specific capacity. To circumvent the dissolution issue, we prepared ICZ polymers, demonstrating an improved cycle stability. Finally, ICZ derivatives with different N-positions were designed to explore their redox chemistry and thus to establish structure-property relationships between molecular structure, crystal structure, and electrochemical properties.