Evaporation of Torus-Shaped Droplets Formed by Smectic Liquid Crystal
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We conducted a focused study on the precise spatial control of TFCDs (Toric Focal Conic Domains). Through manipulating the topographies of underlying substrates, the arrangement of TFCDs strongly depends on the spatial control applied. Independently isolating TFCDs was a significant achievement, enabling the implementation of these torus-like droplets. This insight allowed us to delve into the energetic effects of non-zero eccentricity and evaluate the thermodynamic stability of these intriguing torus-like structures. In our pursuit of understanding TFCDs' energy states, we proposed a geometric model that accurately estimates the effects of eccentricity. This model provides us with valuable quantification and analysis tools for assessing the thermodynamic stability of TFCDs. It opens up exciting possibilities for enhanced control over the topological properties of these structures.