High-Temperature Stable Perovskite Solar Cells: Engineering Ligand Reactivity through Surface Chemistry
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The major barrier preventing the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is their stability under various stressors, such as temperature, light exposure, humidity, and electric fields. In pursuit of durable PSCs, considerable research efforts have been made to address various degradation pathways. Yet, it remains an open question whether these strategies can prolong the lifespan of PSCs to match the typical 15-20-year operating time of silicon solar modules. As the field continues to seek ever-higher durability, we used ammonium ligands that are nonreactive with the bulk of perovskites and investigated a library that varies ligand molecular structure systematically. We found that fluorinated aniliniums offer interfacial passivation and simultaneously minimize reactivity with perovskites. In an encapsulated device operating at 85°C and 50% relative humidity, we document a 1560-hour T85 at maximum power point under 1-sun illumination.