Fluorine-engineered, self-healable iontronic skin for underwater soft electronics
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Bionic skins made from iontronic materials hold tremendous potential for a wide range of aquatic applications. However, due to their susceptibility to unpredictable mechanical damage, self-healing becomes an indispensable property necessary for restoring functionalities and extending device lifespan. Traditionally, water molecules easily disturb the dynamic bonds and disrupts the conduction mechanism of the iontronic material. Herein, our design strategy selects high segmental mobility isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and dynamic boronate ester bonds for self-healing. In addition, hydrophobic C–F groups are introduced to shield the dynamic bonds, and then ultrafast underwater self-healing is achieved through two self-healing mechanisms of boronate ester bond. Moreover, after mixing with ionic liquid (IL), a piezo-ionic mechanism is induced due to ion–dipole interactions between C–F groups and ion pairs, exhibiting excellent sensing capability.