Alkylammonium-based dual functional dopants in the hole-transporting layer for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
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초록
내용
We report dual functional ionic liquids (ILs) consisting of various alkylammoniums (from butyl to decyl) and bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide (TFSI) as a dopant and surface passivator for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and modules. Among the IL dopants, OATFSI, which has octylammnium and TFSI, shows enough miscibility with a poly(triarylamine) solution, resulting in a smoother morphology of the hole-transporting layer (HTL) with an enhanced electrical property. Simultaneously, OATFSI in-situ passivates the perovskite surface during spin-coating deposition of the HTL. OATFSI-based PSCs in a mesoporous n-i-p structure display a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.34% due to reduced non-radiative recombination and better charge extraction. To confirm the scalability of our new IL dopants, perovskite modules with the high PCE of 18.54% (on the aperture area of 224.89 cm2) and 19.91% (on the active area of 209.39 cm2) are demonstrated.