Effects of Asymmetric Small Molecular Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells and Toxicity Assessment
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Studies on asymmetric non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) are being actively conducted owing to their advantages such as low cost, ease of processing, and increased power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OSCs. For example, the well-known alkyl side chain of Y6 was modified to have asymmetry so that molecular packing can be well controlled, achieving a PCE of 18%. We synthesized a series of asymmetric NFAs, in which one end was fixed with octyl group and a series of alkyl groups of various lengths (from hexyl to decyl) and bulkiness (octyl vs ethylhexyl, decyl vs butyloctyl) were introduced at the other end. The introduction of asymmetric alkyl side chains onto end groups can effectively suppress excessive self-aggregation/crystallization and substantially improve solubility.