Spatially programmed electrostatic actuation of anisotropic films
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Soft actuators have become a subject of significant scientific interest for robotic devices due to their flexibility, lightness, adaptability, and reconfigurability, as they can undergo shape-changing and movement as a response to stimuli. Among the various triggering stimuli like heat, light, humidity, and chemical reactions, electrically driven soft actuators are particularly appealing and promising for practical applications. Nevertheless, achieving both rapid actuation and a high degree of freedom (DOF) in soft actuators remains a key challenge. Here, we showcase rapid actuation powered by electrostatic force through direct charging. An important feature of our system is the physical separation between the soft film's end and the electrode, allowing for high DOF actuation with spatially controlled DC or AC voltage.