Highly conformable brain-integrated, inkjet-printed low-noise voltage amplifiers based on a conducting polymer
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Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) exhibit great potential in electrophysiology signal-recording applications due to their high signal-to-noise ratio by ion-electron coupling of organic mixed ionic–electronic conductors. However, they are also incompatible with most electrophysiology data acquisition systems which require a voltage-type input and detectable noise during recording. To maximize the utilization of OECTs, inherent voltage-to-voltage amplification is required without bulky back-end connectivity. Here, we present inkjet-printed organic voltage amplifiers monolithically integrated on a single, highly flexible substrate for in vivo brain activity recording. The recordings obtained using the monolithic integrated circuits indicated an approximately 50% noise reduction compared with externally connected amplifiers. The obtained results indicate that inkjet-printed voltage amplifiers can be used in biological high-quality recording applications.