Robust Multilamellar Protein-Lipid Hybrid Nanovaccines to Elicit Multifaceted Immune Responses
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Various lipid-based vaccine nanoparticles for multifaceted immune responses have off-target delivery and low cross-presentation efficacies due to the structural instability of lipid vesicles. Likewise, recent covalently conjugated lipid nanovesicles showed continuous safety issues due to the side effects and immunogenicity of chemically modified protein antigens and lipids. Here we introduce the “conjugation-free” vesicular self-assembly into robust multilamellar protein antigen-lipid hybrid nanovesicles (MPLVs) coated with adjuvants and biopolymers. The generation of cytokines and immunological surface markers in bone-marrow dendritic cells was enhanced by the MPLVs compared to soluble antigens with adjuvants. Besides, the concentration of anti-antigen antibody and interferon-gamma in the MPLVs-vaccinated mice was significantly increased through the concerted activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. These findings suggest that the robust MPLVs are a promising vaccine delivery platform.