Carbon Oxide Materials as Hole Transport Layers in Organic Solar Cells Achievable from Carbon Waste Recycling
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The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) has dramatically increased up to 18% in recent years. The introduction of hole transport materials (HTMs) in OSCs has played an important role in achieving high efficiency, inducing improved charge transport by efficiently extracting and transporting holes. In this work, we newly synthesized carbon oxide materials with controlled hygroscopic property, which can be used as easily printable HTMs on top of the active layer by dispersing them in environmentally friendly alcoholic solvents. The carbon materials were oxidized and prepared by mimicking carbon waste usually generated from vehicle exhaust pipes and factory chimneys using candles. The carbon oxide materials in OSCs exhibited efficient hole extraction and transport abilities, resulting in an improved PCE of 14.22% in PM6:Y6-based OSCs.