Structural Design of Micro/Nanostructured Polymers for High-Performance Soft Sensors
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Inspired by the structure and function of biological systems, we show several structural design strategies of micro/nanostructured polymers for soft sensors with excellent sensing capabilities and their applications in wearable devices. Inspired by the fingertip skin structure and function, we demonstrate multifunctional electronic skins differentiating various mechanical stimuli (normal, shear, stretching, bending), static and dynamic pressure, vibration, and temperature with high sensitivities. Mimicking the mechanism of astringency perception on the human tongue, we demonstrate a soft and ion-conducting hydrogel artificial tongue for astringency perception. Finally, we demonstrate frequency-selective acoustic and haptic sensors for dual-mode human–machine interfaces (HMIs) based on triboelectric sensors with hierarchical ferroelectric composites.