Designing Macroscopic Photonic Surfaces with Deformable Photonic Microcapsules containing Colloidal Crystallites through Second Assembly
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Colloidal crystals show structural colors through a selective diffraction of the light. They can be used as building blocks to design macroscopic photonic surfaces with high reconfigurability. Here, we design elastic photonic microcapsules containing colloidal crystallites as a new building block. W/O/W double-emulsions are microfludically fabricated. They have an aqueous dispersion of polystyrene particles containing depletant and salt in the core, and polydimethylsiloxane prepolymers in the shell. Particles are crystallized along the inner wall by the depletion attraction. Emulsions are transferred into an isotonic solution and the shell is cured to form an elastic membrane. As photonic capsules have a large void in the core, they are deformable under moderate pressure without damage of crystallites. Therefore, the closely-packed photonic capsules can form macroscopic photonic surfaces with high quality of structural colors of crystallites aligned along the flattened membrane.