Quinoxaline-based Small Molecules as Electron Transport Layers in Photovoltaic devices
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We successfully designed and synthesized the small molecules based on the quinoxaline units for electron transport layers in photovoltaic devices. The small molecules based on quinoxaline were synthesized for enhancing the photovoltaic properties. The structure of the quinoxaline-based small molecule was constructed with triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) units. Herein, quinoxaline-phosphine oxide-based small molecules can be well dissolved in solvents by introducing a phosphine oxide group that can easily stack the layer. In addition, the small molecules improve the electron injection/extraction via the fine-tuned energy levels and make it possible to tune the work function of metal cathodes via the dipole moment in photovoltaic devices. Therefore, this study can provide insights into the design and structure-property correlation of triphenylphosphine-substituted quinoxaline-based small molecules for photovoltaic devices.