Extremely Fast Electrochromic Supercapacitors based on Mesoporous WO<SUB>3</SUB> prepared by an Evaporation-Induced Self-Assembly
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Evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA), which combines sol-gel chemistry and molecular self-assembly, is a powerful method for the fabrication of mesoporous metal oxides through a solution phase synthesis. Herein, we introduce ultrafast sub-1 s ECSs based on an amorphous mesoporous tungsten trioxide (WO3) that is prepared by EISA. Compared to that of a compact WO3 film-based device, the performances of an ECS with mesoporous WO3 exhibits a large optical modulation, ultrafast switching speeds and a high areal capacitance, even at a high current density. In addition, the excellent device stability during the coloration/bleaching and charging/discharging cycles is observed under fast response conditions. Moreover, we fabricated a patterned mesoporous WO3 for ECS displays (ECSDs) via printing-assisted EISA (PEISA). The resulting ECSDs can be used as portable energy-storage devices, and their electrochromic reflective displays change color according to their stored energy level.