A hydrogel ink was prepared by mixing an incubation medium, bacteria, and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). CNFs modified the rheological properties of hydrogel ink for the efficient 3D printing. Viscous inks containing the biocompatible rheology modifier have been used to form a variety of features on substrates via direct 3D printing. However, printed gel structures are easily deformed by gravity and contact with substrates flattens the features. In addition, it is not possible to permeate oxygen which is essential for aerobic biosynthesis. PTFE microparticle matrix enabled an oxygen-permeable surface of culture medium and diverse 3D structures of tubular bacterial cellulose (BC) were fabricated. The mechanical strength of tubular CNF/BC was enhanced by ionic crosslinking and a biocompatible tube was successfully applied to mass flow mimicking blood streaming and vascular tissue engineering without leakage.