Interfacial Assembly of Amphiphilic Photonic Tiles
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In nature, many creatures produce photonic nanostructures in their cells and assemble the cells to compose macroscopic skins rather than making photonic surfaces in one step. Learning from nature, we design photonic structures in a granular format through colloidal self-assembly and prepare macroscopic surfaces through secondary assembly of the photonic granules. In detail, colloidal particles are crystallized to form a regular lattice in a photocurable resin, which is then micropatterned by photolithography to prepare microdisks. After etching out colloidal particles from the composite, the top and side surfaces of the porous microdisks are subjected to reactive ion etching with SF6 gas, selectively rendering the surfaces hydrophobic. The resulting amphiphilic photonic microdisks are assembled at the air-water interface under the action of gravity, providing highly flexible and reconfigurable photonic surfaces which are other wide very difficult to produce using single-step assembly.