Unperceivable on-skin wearable electronics

Flexible and stretchable electronics have demonstrated high skin conformability, enabling long-term healthcare monitoring with comfort-of-wear and high signal integrity. However, the device's appearance sometimes psychologically disturbed its use in daily life, especially on the face, which is the source of useful signals, including EEG, EMG, and EOG. In this presentation, we demonstrate fully unperceivable skin electrodes that do not alter the optical or mechanical properties of bare skin. The high optical and mechanical invisibility on the skin was confirmed by a series of physical characterizations and sensory experiments. Furthermore, we verified that the appearance of the electrodes psychologically affects the wearers' emotions and the signals obtained through the devices, which we call appearance artifacts. Still, our unperceivable electrodes didn't leave any appearance artifact. We also constructed a system using unperceivable electrodes and measured EEG, EOG, and EMG signals, whose signal quality was comparable to that of conventional gel electrodes. For your information, we have reviewed the design strategies to harmonize wearable electronics in daily lives [1]. In addition to the unperceivable electrodes, we will also cover recent topics related to soft electronic materials and devices.

Reference
[1]    (†Same contribution) Y. Liu†, S. De Mulatier†, N. Matsuhisa*, "Unperceivable Designs of Wearable Electronics", Advanced Materials 37, 2502727 (2025).