Sustainable Upcycling of Rice Bran into Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanodots with Enhanced Antioxidant Activity.
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Rice bran, a major biomass byproduct of rice milling, holds great potential for upcycling into value-added materials. In this study, carbon nanodots (CNDs) were synthesized from rice bran via a simple hydrothermal method, with nitrogen doping achieved using urea to enhance antioxidant properties. ABTS assays revealed that nitrogen-doped CNDs (N-CNDs) exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activity than undoped CNDs, showing a 61% reduction in IC50. FT-IR, UV-Vis, and fluorescence spectroscopies indicated distinct changes in surface functional groups, electronic structures, and surface states after doping. Furthermore, XPS confirmed successful nitrogen incorporation, suggesting that an increased proportion of pyridinic nitrogen relative to pyrrolic nitrogen plays a key role in the enhanced antioxidant performance. These findings suggest that rice bran-derived N-CNDs have potential for use as antioxidant additives in biodegradable polymer-based active packaging applications.













