Development of a MIP-Functionalized PVA/PVP Biphasic Electrospun Nanofibrous Platform for Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring in Sweat

The demand for non-invasive glucose monitoring has accelerated the development of alternative sensing approaches beyond conventional blood-based methods. In this study, a flexible electrochemical glucose sensor is developed using a biphasic electrospun nanofibrous membrane for sensitive glucose detection in human sweat.

The sensor platform is based on a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) electrospun membrane, providing a highly porous structure with large surface area and efficient mass transport properties. To enhance selectivity, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) layer is formed via dopamine self-polymerization on the nanofibrous surface, creating specific glucose-binding sites. Conductive components are further incorporated to improve electron transfer and sensing performance.

Morphological analysis confirms uniform nanofiber formation with an interconnected porous network and conformal MIP coating, facilitating effective sweat absorption and analyte diffusion. Electrochemical evaluation using cyclic voltammetry and amperometric measurements in artificial sweat demonstrates rapid response, high sensitivity, and strong selectivity toward glucose.

The sensor exhibits a linear detection range within physiologically relevant sweat glucose concentrations, along with good reproducibility and operational stability. The combined effect of the porous nanofibrous structure and dopamine-assisted MIP layer enhances analyte transport and selective binding, resulting in improved signal response and stable performance.

This work highlights the potential of integrating electrospun nanofibers with dopamine-based molecular imprinting for wearable, non-invasive glucose sensing. The proposed platform offers a promising strategy for continuous and personalized healthcare monitoring.