Interface Engineering of MXene for Multi-Responsive Intelligent Electronic Platforms Using Structurally Robust Korean Traditional Paper

Sustainable multifunctional electronic platforms that combine electromagnetic shielding, thermal management, and environmental sensing are highly desirable for next-generation wearable and intelligent systems. In this work, Hanji, a traditional Korean paper, is utilized as a lightweight, hierarchical porous cellulose substrate for developing multifunctional electronic paper through the integration of catechol-functionalized carboxymethyl cellulose (CF-CMC)-modified Ti₃C₂T_x MXene. CF-CMC promotes uniform MXene dispersion and strengthens interfacial adhesion within the Hanji network, resulting in a mechanically robust and environmentally stable conductive architecture. The optimized CF-CMC–MXene/Hanji composite achieves an electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of 39.6 dB and an in-plane thermal conductivity of 4.7 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹, while rapidly reaching 71.1 °C under a low voltage of 4 V through Joule heating. The composite retains more than 90% of its initial shielding and thermal transport performance after 1500 bending cycles, demonstrating excellent mechanical durability. Furthermore, the interconnected MXene network enables thermoresistive temperature sensing with a linearity of 0.99 and selective room-temperature NO₂ detection with a detection limit of 0.1 ppm. Practical demonstrations of electromagnetic shielding, wearable heating, and multisensing further confirm the versatility of the platform. This study demonstrates that interface engineering of MXene within sustainable Hanji can provide a scalable strategy for converting porous cellulose substrates into lightweight and durable electronic platforms with integrated electromagnetic shielding, thermal management, and environmental responsiveness.