Cationic effect of P-type OECT with Thiophene based OMIECs

 Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are promising candidates for bio-interfacing platforms due to their efficient ion–electron coupling, high transconductance, and operational stability in aqueous environments. Conventional p-type materials are typically doped through anion injection; as a result, cationic effects are difficult to clearly observe in conventional p-type OECT operation.
 In this study, we introduce a p-type thiophene-based conjugated polymer that exhibits cation-dependent behavior in OECTs, highlighting the role of cationic effects in p-type OECT operation. In addition, we investigate the microscale mechanisms underlying the cation-specific responses and suggest future opportunities for bioelectronic and neuromorphic devices.