Visible Photonic Bandgap Enabled by Symmetry Control in Giant Block Copolymer Gyroids
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Abstract
Block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly provides a facile bottom-up route to three-dimensional double gyroid photonic crystals, with the lattice dimension varying with the molecular weight of the polymer. Despite extensive efforts, a photonic bandgap (PBG) operating in the visible regime has remained unreachable, as visible-frequency operation demands large lattice sizes that are difficult to access. Using a high-molecular-weight polystyrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA, Mn: 680 kDa), here we show that giant gyroids with the largest lateral unit-cell size of 335.7 nm are successfully assembled. The key to realizing this visible PBG is precise control of the non-affine distortion of these giant lattices that transform their morphology toward a high-symmetry state. To control the lattice symmetry, the PS-b-PMMA films serve as templates for the giant gyroids, and after selective PMMA removal, the resulting PS gyroids are immersed in tetrahydrofuran/acetic acid cosolvent mixtures that contract the network along the z-direction, enabling fine-tuning of the non-affine distortion. Numerical reconstructions of the resulting lattices reveal that enhancing the lattice symmetry through non-affine transformation opens a PBG in the visible regime, with the widest gap attained at the highest-symmetry condition. Combining theoretical modeling with experimental validation of the visible PBG, this work establishes the previously elusive structures and photonic-bandgap characteristics of giant BCP gyroids.













