Photovoltaic Performance of Quinoxaline and Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Conjugated Polymers Analyzed for Organic Solar Cells
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The synthesis and photovoltaic performance of difluoroquinoxaline-based low bandgap polymers were explored for organic solar cell (OSC) applications. Through Stille polymerization, Two conjugated polymers incorporating 2,3-didodecyl-6,7-difluoroquinoxaline and pycnolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4(2H,5H)-dione as electron-accepting units with thiophene or bithiophene as electron-donating units were synthesized. The electronic properties of these polymers were characterized, revealing HOMO energy levels of 5.79 eV for polymer P1 and 5.61 eV for polymer P2, reflecting the impact of conjugation length on HOMO energy. The photovoltaic performance of a P1 blended with fullerene PC71BM, achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.41%, with a Voc of 0.66 V, Jsc of 8.36 mA/cm², and an FF of 0.62 under standard conditions (100 mW/cm² AM 1.5 G). These findings demonstrate that precise molecular design is crucial for optimizing the performance of OSCs.