Modulation of Alkyl Side Chains and Linkage Groups in Naphthalene Diimide (NDI) Organic Electrode Materials for Enhanced Capacity
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Traditional cathode materials are limited in increasing energy density, reducing environmental impact, and improving resource availability. Organic cathodes, therefore, are excellent substitutes. Conjugated polymers solve dissolution stability issues and, when doped, possess higher electrical conductivity than other organic cathodes, enabling fast charge and discharge. Naphthalene diimide (NDI)-based conjugated polymers exhibit excellent electron transport due to high electron affinities and strong π–π interactions of the NDI core. P(NDI2OD-T2) has shown stable cycling with 96% capacity retention after 3000 cycles at 10C, as demonstrated by Yao's group. However, its large redox inactive site results in a low theoretical capacity of 54.2 mAh/g. To address this, we conducted structural modulation to reduce the molecular weight of the redox inactive site. Consequently, the synthesized polymers P(NDI2BO-T) and P(NDI2BO-V) achieved improved capacities of 78.5 and 85.5 mAh/g, respectively.