Interlocking 3D-Printed Tetrapod-Structured Bone Fillers for Enhanced Bone Regeneration
발표자
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초록
내용
While incorporating inorganic materials like hydroxyapatite in granular form for bone regeneration is common, it has limitations due to material instability which results in prolonged healing periods. Inspired by tetrapod concrete blocks used in breakwaters, this study developed a hydroxyapatite-based bone filler that interlocks securely within the body. We created a fluidic bio-ink composed of pyrogallol, polyethyleneimine, nano-cellulose, and hydroxyapatite (PG-PEI-CNF-HA), which undergoes spontaneous oxidative crosslinking when extruded into air, forming a stable structure. Using a 3D bioprinter, this bio-ink was shaped into tetrapod-like synthetic bone filler. Mechanical tests confirmed its strength and resilience, while the tetrapod shape enhanced interlocking and stability. In vitro experiments showed the material promotes osteogenesis and is biocompatible. This technology offers a novel and effective solution for bone regeneration, potentially improving treatment for bone damage.