Anionic polymer electrolytes based on polyfluorene, soluble in water and serving as a universal interlayer in organic solar cell applications
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Polyfluorene-based conjugated polymers incorporating sulfonate groups in their side chains were synthesized for application as interlayers in both fullerene and non-fullerene organic solar cells (OSCs). These polymers, known as PFS-T-x (where x = H, Li), establish a beneficial interfacial dipole due to their ionic side chains. Importantly, critical OSC parameters such as Jsc and FF exhibit enhancement with increasing cation size. The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) was achieved using PFS-T-Li as the interlayer, achieving up to 9.11% for fullerene-based devices and 16.3% for non-fullerene-based devices. This research offers valuable insights and potential advancements in OSC performance leveraging polymers as universal interlayers.