Elastic Creasing-Induced Multi-Modal Structural Color Shifting in Breath-Responsive Microarchitectures Fabricated via Dithering Mask Lithography
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Some organisms display switchable structural colors for camouflage or warning, inspiring research into optical devices. However, achieving reversible color-shifting in synthetic microstructures remains challenging due to natural complexities, responsiveness limitations, and scalability issues. We developed breath-responsive microgel structures using rationally designed photocurable hygroscopic resins via programmable dithering mask lithography. These microgels feature precise surface gratings that, when exposed to breath, undergo anisotropic volumetric changes, triggering elastic creasing instability resulting in reversible multi-modal structural color changes. This mechanism produces unique, reversible random patterns including structure color shifting, suitable for physical unclonable functions (PUF). Our approach addresses challenges in achieving multi-modal optical signals in synthetic microarchitectures, offering potential applications in security, and adaptive optical devices.