Enhanced Thermomechanical Properties of TPU Composites Utilizing Waste Lignin via Hydrogen Bonds
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Lignin can form hydrogen bonds and scavenge radicals through its phenolic components, leading to enhanced intermolecular interaction and thermal stability. In polymer composites, these property has the potential for sustainable biofiller. However, challenges such as aggregation limit its applications. We explored how lignin interacts with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), focusing on changes in crystalline structures and the interaction of hydrogen bonds with TPU. lignin is involved in the crystalline structures of TPU, disrupting the ordered arrangement of the hard segment domains. At lignin contents of 0.25 vol%, increased hydrogen bonds were observed compared to neat TPU while maintaining the crystal structure of neat TPU. At more than 0.5 vol%, the formation of hard domains was hindered and hydrogen bonds were reduced. This extra hydrogen bond at 0.25 vol% of lignin increases tensile strength and strain by 4.17 MPa and 5.8%, respectively than neat TPU. This research gives insight into lignin's role as a biofiller.