A green approach to enhancing epoxy toughness using a bis-hydroxy urethane additive derived from CO<sub>2</sub> and bio-based diamine
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Epoxy resin, valued for its versatility in applications such as adhesives and coatings, faces limitations from brittleness and rigidity. Environmental sustainability is also a crucial consideration. This study presents an eco-friendly method to enhance epoxy toughness using a synthesized diol molecule from CO2-derived ethylene carbonate and bio-based diamine as an additive. Significant improvements in strength and elongation were achieved without compromising adhesion much. The integration of this diol molecule into the epoxy network during curing is key to enhancing toughness. The diol's simplicity and eco-friendliness suggest its potential for practical applications, contributing to the development of durable, sustainable materials.