Femtosecond laser nanowelding of silver nanowire networks on polyethylene terephthalate substrates
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We present a novel method for nanowelding silver nanowires (AgNWs) utilizing ultrashort laser pulses to reduce thermal damage on flexible polymer substrates. The localized field enhancement and limited thermal diffusion characteristics of femtosecond laser irradiation facilitate the joining of AgNWs precisely at junctions, maintaining their original crystalline structure. This process avoids the breakup of nanowire junctions and prevents thermal aggregation. Remarkably, the femtosecond laser nanowelding technique enhances the sheet resistance and transmittance of the AgNW network, achieving values up to 25 Ω sq−1 and over 94% at 550 nm, respectively. Additionally, compared to nanosecond laser irradiation, femtosecond laser irradiation significantly minimizes damage to polymer substrates. This innovative nanowelding process offers promising applications in the fabrication of integrated plasmonic devices and transparent conducting electrodes on flexible polymer substrates.