Grafting of Zwitterionic <em>N</em>-oxide Polymer Brushes via Surface-Initiated ARGET ATRP for Anti-Biofouling Applications
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Zwitterions offer a promising solution for anti-biofouling applications due to their unique ability to resist the adhesion of biofoulants. Trimethylamine N-oxide, a recently developed zwitterionic material, features a positively charged quaternary ammonium group directly adjacent to a negatively charged oxygen atom. This distinctive structure enables the enhanced hydration effect and non-biofouling capability of N-oxide polymers, which are superior to those of conventional betaine-based zwitterionic polymers. Despite significant interest in N-oxide as an antifouling material, there is notable scarcity of research on grafting N-oxide polymers using the ARGET ATRP. In this study, we synthesized a methacrylic N-oxide monomer and grafted an N-oxide homopolymer brushes onto a silicon surface via surface-initiated ARGET ATRP. The optimized coating conditions were examined, and the anti-biofouling capability of the N-oxide polymer was evaluated against bacteria and diatom.