Synthesis of Chitosan-CS Based Nanoparticles for plasmid DNA Delivery
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Classical vaccinations face challenges in large-scale fish farming environments. To address this, research is underway on spray and oral vaccine forms. We developed a chitosan-based nanoparticle (NP) delivery system using chitosan (CH), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and chondroitin sulfate–glycocholic acid (CSG). Chitosan-based nanoparticles are suitable as drug delivery systems due to their excellent properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity. Plasmid DNA was successfully encapsulated in nanoparticles via ionic gelation. CSG was used to coat the NPs, ensuring stable delivery without degradation by digestive enzymes. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements showed NP sizes of 295–300 nm and zeta potentials of –9 to 11 mV, depending on the coating. FE-SEM images confirmed a spherical NP structure. These NPs exhibit high stability and are suitable for oral administration in fish, and were applied in studies on fish oral vaccines.