MXene Thermoacoustic Loudspeaker for Directivity-Tunable Sound Generation
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초록
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Thermoacoustic (TA) loudspeakers have attracted great attention because of vibration-free and simple design compared to conventional speakers that require large space for the vibration. Herein, we demonstrated MXene TA loudspeakers (MTAL) based on MXene conductor with low heat capacity per unit area and an ultrathin parylene substrate with low thermal effusivity. Our ultrathin MTAL with the thickness below thermal penetration depth exhibited improved sound output in the low frequency regime and bi-directional TA sound generation in audible range. The low bending stiffness of ultrathin MTAL with the electrostatic interaction between MXene and poly-L-lysine treated substrate shows stable TA outputs under various structural deformations. In addition, conformal attachment of MTAL on diverse 3D shape allows directivity-tunable TA sound generation. Particularly, a configurable design of kirigami structures enables stretchable MTAL with stable TA sound outputs under mechanical deformation