Foldable RF Energy Harvesting System Based on Vertically Layered Metal Electrodes within a Single Sheet of Paper
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Radio frequency energy harvesting (RFEH) systems have emerged as a critical component for powering devices and replacing traditional batteries, with paper being one of the most promising substrates for use in flexible RFEH systems. In the present study, a novel wax-printing control and water-based solution process are used to realize an integrated foldable RFEH systems within a single sheet of paper. The device includes vertically layered foldable metal electrodes, a via-hole, and stable conductive patterns with a sheet resistance of less than 1 Ω sq−1. The integrated RFEH system exhibits an RF/DC conversion efficiency of 60%, a charging voltage of 1.8 V in 100 s at a distance of 50 mm, and also demonstrates stable foldability, with RFEH performance maintained up to a folding angle of 150°. Our single-sheet paper-based RFEH system thus has the potential for use in practical applications associated with the remote powering of wearable and Internet-of-Things devices and in paper electronics.