The improvement of photovoltaic performance of thienopyrazine-based polymers by systematizing electron-withdrawing substituents
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Several D-A-type thienopyrazine-based polymers were developed in which electron-donating benzodithiophene (BDT) derivatives are coupled to electron-accepting thienopyrazine groups. To clarify their influence on diverse polymer properties, fluorine and trifluoromethyl atoms were introduced on thienopyrazine units. Additionally, all polymers have numerous alkyl chains, which make them easily soluble in common organic solvents including chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, and toluene. The polymers' structural, optical, and electrochemical properties were examined first, then their photovoltaic properties were assessed by making conventional-type polymer solar cells. An active layer of the device was formed using the well-known Y6 n-type molecule as a non-fullerene acceptor. The structure-property connection of thienopyrazine-based conjugated polymers, which are suitable for photovoltaic applications, may therefore be learned from these studies and resulted in valuable insights.