Free-Shapable and 3D Porous Carbon Nanotube Foam by Rapid Solvent−Evaporation Method for Thermoelectric Power Generators
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We present a rapid solvent−evaporation process by considering the triple point of the processing solvents to develop carbon nanotube (CNT) foam with porous structure for thermoelectric (TE) power generator. The rapid solvent-evaporation process allows the formation of the CNT foam with various sizes and shapes. The highly porous CNT foam with porosity over 90% shows low thermal conductivity of 0.17 W m−1 K−1 by increased phonon-scattering. To further improve the electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient, p- or n-molecular dopants are easily introduced into the CNT foam and the optimized condition is investigated based on TE properties. Finally, the optimized p- and n-doped CNT foams are applied to fabricate the flexible TE power generator with a combination of series and parallel mixed circuit. The maximum output power and the output power per weight of the TE generator reaches to 1.0 μW and 15 μW g−1 at temperature difference of 13.9 K, respectively.