Control on the dispersion of carbon nanotubes and graphene flakes in polymeric nanofibers
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Nanostructured architectures comprised of functional components can be used for a variety of applications because precise structural control in the nanometer regime can yield unprecedented, fascinating properties. It is not easy to control and manipulate nanospecies for specific applications, thus preventing their commercialization. We report the fabrication of unique polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers with porosity containing single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) and graphene, in which polyvinyl alcohol was employed as a dispersing agent and sacrificial porogen. One-dimensional SWNTs and two-dimensional graphene pieces were combined in the confined interior space of PAN nanofibers, which led to microstructural characteristics such as enhanced ordering of SWNTs, graphene flakes, and polymer chains in the nanofiber interior. Then, the SWNT/graphene-in-polymer nanofiber (SGPNF) structures were converted into carbonized products (SGCNFs) with porosity and tunable electrochemical properties.